Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• RGC Resources is transitioning into a high cash flow phase, with the Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) now operational and delivering consistent cash distributions, significantly enhancing the company's financial flexibility and growth prospects.
• The regulated utility segment continues to provide a stable earnings foundation, bolstered by new base rates, robust residential and commercial customer growth, and effective regulatory mechanisms like the SAVE Plan and RNG Rider.
• A recent, successful refinancing of $53.6 million in Midstream debt has substantially de-risked the balance sheet, aligning amortization with MVP's long-term contracts and freeing up capital for strategic investments.
• Strategic growth initiatives, including the expansion into Franklin County and capitalizing on regional economic development (e.g., Google's investment, healthcare sector growth), are poised to drive future capital expenditures and customer additions.
• RGC Resources' blend of regulated stability, operational excellence, and a strategic focus on infrastructure modernization and energy diversification positions it for sustained value creation, despite broader macroeconomic uncertainties.

A Century of Service and Strategic Evolution

RGC Resources, Inc. (RGCO) has served the Roanoke, Virginia region as a regulated natural gas distribution company since 1883. Its core mission revolves around delivering safe, reliable, and affordable natural gas to approximately 62,700 residential, commercial, and industrial customers. This long-standing commitment is underpinned by an extensive network of transmission and distribution pipelines and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage facility, all operating under the stringent oversight of the Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC). The company's strategy has consistently prioritized infrastructure investment, operational excellence, and prudent regulatory engagement to ensure stable, predictable growth.

The natural gas distribution industry is characterized by high barriers to entry, primarily due to the significant capital required for infrastructure and the complex regulatory approval processes. RGCO's established local infrastructure and regulatory licenses provide a strong competitive moat within its service territory. While larger direct competitors like Atmos Energy Corporation (ATO), ONE Gas, Inc. (OGS), and Spire Inc. (SR) benefit from greater scale and geographic diversification, RGCO distinguishes itself through deep local expertise, strong community ties, and a focused operational footprint. This localized approach often translates into superior responsiveness and customer engagement, which can be a qualitative advantage against the broader, more standardized operations of its larger peers.

However, the competitive landscape extends beyond direct gas utilities. Indirect competitors include electric utilities, particularly as trends like AI-driven electricity demand and state-level clean energy acts (such as the Virginia Clean Economy Act) push for electrification. These forces can lead to higher electricity rates, which, in turn, drive customer conversions to natural gas, a trend RGCO is actively observing and benefiting from in the PJM territory. This dynamic underscores the importance of natural gas's economic and reliability advantages, which RGCO leverages to attract new customers.

Technological Edge and Operational Resilience

RGCO's operational strategy is deeply intertwined with its technological capabilities and infrastructure modernization efforts. The company operates a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage facility, capable of producing and storing up to 200,000 dekatherms (DTH) of natural gas. This facility is a critical asset, enhancing supply security and reliability for its customers, particularly during peak demand periods or supply disruptions.

A significant step in its energy diversification and environmental stewardship is the Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) facility, which began commercial operation in March 2023 through a cooperative agreement. This facility produces commercial-quality biogas for delivery into RGCO's distribution system. The investment and operating costs associated with the RNG facility are recovered through an SCC-approved RNG Rider, and customers benefit from the generated environmental credits. For the nine months ended June 30, 2025, RGCO recognized approximately $1.30 million in RNG revenue, demonstrating the tangible financial contribution of this initiative.

Furthermore, RGCO is committed to modernizing its distribution system through the Steps to Advance Virginia's Energy (SAVE) Plan. This regulatory mechanism allows the company to recover investments in eligible infrastructure replacement projects, such as replacing older pipes with new plastic or coated steel. This program directly enhances system safety and reliability, a critical operational benefit. For fiscal year 2026, the company anticipates an estimated $10.33 million in SAVE-eligible investment, underscoring its continuous commitment to infrastructure upgrades. These technological and operational advancements, from LNG storage to RNG production and system modernization, collectively strengthen RGCO's competitive position by ensuring reliable, environmentally conscious, and cost-effective service delivery.

The Mountain Valley Pipeline: From Impairment to Income Stream

A pivotal chapter in RGCO's recent history is its equity investment in the Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP). Initiated in fiscal 2016, this less than 1% stake in the joint venture was initially a source of Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC) earnings. However, the project faced significant delays and challenges, leading to an "other-than-temporary impairment" recorded in 2022. This period of uncertainty culminated with the MVP entering commercial operation on June 14, 2024, and commencing long-term firm capacity obligations on July 1, 2024.

The MVP's operational status marks a significant turning point for RGCO. The company is now recognizing its share of operational earnings, favorably adjusted for the amortization of a basis difference from the 2022 impairment. This transition is evident in the Q3 2025 results, where equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate increased by 173.20% year-over-year to $772,082, as MVP was fully operational for the entire quarter. While the nine-month year-to-date equity earnings decreased by 18.46% to $2.43 million compared to the prior year (due to the higher AFUDC recognized during MVP's construction phase), the shift to consistent cash distributions is a "watershed moment." RGCO received approximately $2.70 million in cash distributions from the MVP during the first nine months of fiscal 2025, with similar quarterly amounts expected going forward. This cash flow is crucial for covering Midstream's interest and other expenditures.

The strategic importance of the MVP extends beyond direct earnings. With the capacity to transport up to 2 billion dekatherms daily, the pipeline brings a "tremendous amount of energy" directly through RGCO's service territory. This energy availability is generating "a lot of conversation and interest across many industries," including data centers, which are increasingly seeking regions with robust energy and data infrastructure. This positions RGCO to potentially benefit from new industrial and commercial growth opportunities in its service area.

Financial Fortitude: Regulated Growth and De-risked Capital Structure

RGCO's financial performance for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, reflects the positive impact of its strategic initiatives and a favorable operating environment. Net income for Q3 2025 surged to $538,412 ($0.05 per share) from $156,692 ($0.02 per share) in Q3 2024, driven by MVP's operational earnings and lower interest expense. Year-to-date, net income increased by a robust 16% to $13.48 million ($1.31 per share) from $11.62 million ($1.15 per share) in the prior year.

This growth was primarily fueled by the regulated utility segment. Gas utility operating revenues increased by 19.47% in Q3 and 13.27% year-to-date, largely due to the implementation of a non-gas base rate increase, which added approximately $5.4 million in non-gas volumetric revenues. The SCC approved an annual incremental revenue increase of $4.08 million based on a 9.90% return on equity, effective July 1, 2024. Gross utility margin also saw healthy increases, up 3.63% in Q3 and 8.96% year-to-date. These gains were supported by a colder winter, with heating degree days up 18% year-to-date, leading to a 9% increase in weather-sensitive residential and commercial volumes. Additionally, a single multi-fuel industrial customer set a new annual delivery record of 1.5 Bcf through June, contributing to a 28% increase in transportation and interruptible volumes year-to-date.

Operating expenses increased due to inflationary pressures on personnel costs and contracted services (up 9% in Q3, 5% year-to-date), as well as higher RNG expenses and property taxes. However, interest expense decreased by 4% in Q3 due to a lower weighted-average interest rate on total debt (4.12% vs. 4.42%). The effective tax rate remained favorable at 23.10% for Q3 and 23.40% year-to-date, below the statutory 25.74%, thanks to amortization of excess deferred taxes and RNG tax credits.

RGCO has also significantly strengthened its liquidity and capital structure. Subsequent to Q3 2025, the company secured a firm commitment letter to refinance $53.6 million of Midstream debt into a new 7-year note at SOFR plus 1.55%, with principal amortization aligned with MVP shipper contracts (approximately $2.8 million annually). This crucial step resolves prior financial uncertainties and positions Midstream with manageable debt service. The Roanoke Gas line of credit was also extended to March 2027 and increased to $30 million. As of June 30, 2025, the company maintained a healthy long-term capitalization ratio of 45% equity and 55% debt, well within its debt covenants. This de-risked balance sheet provides the financial flexibility needed to pursue future growth opportunities.

Growth Catalysts and Strategic Initiatives

RGCO is actively pursuing several growth avenues that leverage its core strengths and the new opportunities presented by the MVP. Organic utility growth remains robust, driven by steady residential development in the Roanoke region. Year-to-date through Q3 2025, the company installed 3.9 new main miles, a 50% increase over the total for fiscal 2024, and connected 541 new services. The SAVE program continues to contribute to this growth, with 3.1 miles of main and 228 services renewed year-to-date, ensuring a modern and reliable system.

A key strategic initiative is the expansion into Franklin County, a region previously underserved by natural gas. RGCO is actively planning to extend service from the Summit View Business Park to nearby commercial and residential customers and potentially to the town of Rocky Mount via a new MVP interconnect. While this capital allocation has been moved to fiscal 2026 due to initial delays, management expects MVP growth capital to be "significantly higher next year" in this area.

Regional economic development also presents substantial tailwinds. The recent announcement of Google (GOOGL)'s investment in Botetourt County is "likely to be the single largest investment ever made in this region," creating both direct and indirect opportunities for RGCO. Furthermore, Roanoke's strengthening position as a healthcare hub, with a new $400 million hospital expansion and a $100 million cancer center under construction, is driving increased demand for natural gas from these critical facilities. RGCO's asset management agreement, renewed in April 2025, further optimizes its pipeline transportation and storage rights, contributing to revenue sharing and operational efficiency.

Outlook, Risks, and the Investment Thesis

RGC Resources has provided a full-year fiscal 2025 EPS guidance range of $1.22 to $1.27. While a modest net loss is anticipated in the fourth quarter due to the seasonal nature of gas demand and the full impact of new rates already being reflected, the strong year-to-date performance underpins this positive outlook. Total fiscal 2025 capital expenditures are projected to be approximately $21.6 million to $22.0 million, with a shift in MVP growth capital to fiscal 2026. Looking ahead to fiscal 2026, MVP growth capital is expected to be significantly higher, SAVE spending consistent, and customer growth at least equal to or better than current levels. However, ICC revenues are expected to remain below prior year levels due to lower natural gas commodity prices.

Despite this optimistic outlook, investors should consider several risks. Inflationary pressures continue to impact operations, with contract renewals and labor costs exceeding national averages, necessitating vigilant expense management. Interest rate volatility, though somewhat mitigated by recent debt refinancing, still poses a risk to variable-rate debt. Broader economic uncertainty, influenced by macroeconomic factors and political changes, could affect business activity and customer demand. Finally, the inherent risk of pipeline reliability, particularly for the three primary pipelines serving RGCO's distribution system, remains a critical operational consideration.

Conclusion

RGC Resources stands at a compelling inflection point, transforming from a stable, regulated utility into a growth-oriented energy services company with enhanced financial strength. The successful commercial operation of the Mountain Valley Pipeline, coupled with the strategic refinancing of Midstream debt, has de-risked a key investment and unlocked a new stream of cash distributions. This, combined with robust organic growth in its regulated utility segment, driven by new base rates, strong customer additions, and continuous infrastructure modernization through programs like SAVE and RNG, paints a picture of a company well-positioned for the future.

RGCO's deep regional roots, operational excellence, and technological differentiators in LNG, RNG, and pipeline integrity provide a strong competitive moat against larger, more diversified players. The company's proactive engagement in regional economic development, particularly in capitalizing on the energy availability from MVP and supporting the growth of sectors like healthcare, underscores its strategic foresight. For discerning investors, RGCO represents a unique opportunity to invest in a resilient utility with a de-risked balance sheet, a clear growth trajectory, and a commitment to sustainable value creation, making it a compelling consideration in the current market landscape.