Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Ruanyun Edai Technology is undergoing a significant AI-driven transformation, strategically shifting from traditional K-12 digital publishing in China to higher-margin AI-based digital technology services and international expansion.
• This strategic pivot has dramatically improved profitability, with gross margins expanding from 32.1% to 56.7% and net loss narrowing by 75.3% in fiscal year 2025, despite a 27% decline in total revenue.
• The company's proprietary AI-OCR technology and extensive academic question bank are core differentiators, enabling efficient, personalized learning solutions and supporting its expansion into new educational segments and geographies.
• International growth, particularly with the HanLink platform in Saudi Arabia, represents a crucial new revenue vector, leveraging the company's AI expertise in emerging markets.
• Investors should monitor the successful execution of the international expansion, continued profitability improvements from the strategic shift, and the company's ability to navigate China's evolving regulatory landscape and competitive pressures.

Setting the Scene: An AI-Driven Transformation in Education

Ruanyun Edai Technology Inc. (RYET) stands at the forefront of an educational revolution, leveraging artificial intelligence to reshape K-12 learning in China and increasingly, globally. As an AI-powered education technology company, RYET's mission is to guide K-12 students toward higher education and future success by reforming traditional teaching, learning, and assessment methods. The company boasts a comprehensive online learning ecosystem, an extensive academic exercise question bank, and advanced AI algorithms, all accessible on demand. This foundation positions RYET as a key player in the rapidly evolving EdTech landscape.

The broader education technology market is experiencing significant tailwinds, driven by accelerating AI adoption and digital transformation. China, with the world's largest K-12 system serving over 188 million students, is a massive market undergoing profound reforms. The Chinese government's push for computer-based Academic Proficiency Tests (APT) and multi-dimensional assessments, coupled with a growing demand for personalized learning and smart educational hardware, creates a fertile ground for AI-driven solutions. The market for personalized homework books alone was estimated at approximately RMB 80 billion ($12 billion) in 2022, while the educational smart hardware market is projected to reach nearly RMB 100 billion (approximately $13.69 billion) by 2027. This dynamic environment underscores the strategic importance of RYET's technological capabilities and its adaptability to market shifts.

Technological Edge: The AI Differentiator

RYET's competitive advantage is deeply rooted in its proprietary AI technology and robust research and development capabilities. The company's core technology includes advanced AI algorithms for Deep Knowledge Tracing, exercise push algorithms, and predictive learning strategies, which are constantly expanding and upgrading. As of March 31, 2025, its online academic exercise question bank had accumulated over 10 billion test data points from approximately 15.15 million students across more than 20,000 schools, achieving an assumed evaluation accuracy rate of 97% based on internal calculations. This extensive data fuels the continuous refinement of its AI, enabling tailored and effective learning strategies for students.

A critical technological differentiator is RYET's independently developed AI-Optical Character Recognition (AI-OCR) technology. This "best of breed" solution efficiently processes and converts various documents and image information, including intelligent document recognition, automated data collection, structured processing, and data entry. The company has registered paper-based homework OCR as a patent in China, highlighting its innovative edge. This technology is the cornerstone for AI-driven personalized exercise book formation, significantly improving production line efficiency and shortening delivery cycles in its digitalization services.

The company's commitment to innovation is further evidenced by its intellectual property portfolio, which includes 11 patents, 27 trademarks, 99 software copyrights, and 27 domain names as of March 31, 2025. With 33 full-time R&D staff, representing approximately 40% of its total full-time employees, RYET continues to invest significantly in technology development. For investors, this technological moat translates into several benefits: enhanced product efficacy leading to stronger customer loyalty, potential for higher average selling prices (ASPs) for advanced solutions, and lower operational costs through automation, all contributing to improved financial performance and a stronger market position.

Strategic Pivot and Operational Evolution

RYET's journey began with the establishment of Jiangxi Ruanyun Technology Co., Ltd. in 2012, initially focusing on AI database and testing center development. The company quickly expanded its SmartExam solution, providing computer-based Academic Proficiency Test (APT) services for Biology in 2013 and covering all eleven subjects by 2017. This early integration with the school system, providing in-school services, has been a robust source of growth, allowing RYET to collect vast amounts of student learning data without drastically altering traditional teaching habits.

However, the Chinese education landscape has been significantly impacted by policy changes, notably the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Excessive Homework and Off-Campus Tutoring for Students Undergoing Compulsory Education" (the "Opinions"). These policies, issued by the Ministry of Education in April 2021 and April 2024, and the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education in September 2024, have led RYET to gradually reduce its traditional digital publishing business since April 2024. In response, the company is strategically shifting towards AI-based digital technology services, leveraging its AI-OCR technology to automate business processes, improve work efficiency, and accelerate digital transformation for clients. This shift is also aimed at diversifying its customer base beyond the K-12 sector to include vocational and technical education, postgraduate studies, and adult education.

A key strategic initiative is the company's international expansion. In May 2025, RYET launched its proprietary AI-powered Chinese language learning platform, HanLink, in Saudi Arabia through a pilot program with Education Skills International School in Riyadh. This pilot demonstrated promising results, with an average homework accuracy rate of 80%, oral proficiency scores averaging 75 out of 100, and daily self-study usage averaging 15 minutes per student. This success was followed by a strategic partnership with the Confucius Institute at Prince Sultan University (PSU) on July 11, 2025, to scale HanLink across Saudi Arabia. This agreement aims to integrate HanLink into PSU's accredited Chinese language curriculum, establishing Saudi Arabia's first national online Confucius Institute platform. This initiative includes co-developed localized teaching materials and a Summer 2025 pilot Chinese Language Program, merging AI-driven content with interactive self-study modules for various age groups. This international foray is expected to provide certification and establish multiple revenue opportunities, expanding RYET's market presence and enhancing the legitimacy of its educational offerings in the Middle East.

Financial Performance: A Turn Towards Profitability

RYET's financial performance in fiscal year 2025 reflects the impact of its strategic pivot. Total revenue decreased by 27% to $6.69 million from $9.15 million in fiscal year 2024. This decline was primarily due to a significant reduction in SmartHomework solution platform development revenue (down 81.8% to $571,658) and digitalization services revenue (down 45.5% to $2.88 million), both impacted by Chinese education policies and a shift away from hardware-intensive projects with longer repayment cycles.

However, the strategic shift towards higher-margin software and AI-based services has yielded substantial improvements in profitability. Gross profit surged by 29.1% to $3.79 million in fiscal year 2025, up from $2.94 million in the prior year. Consequently, the gross margin expanded dramatically from 32.1% in fiscal year 2024 to 56.7% in fiscal year 2025. This was primarily attributable to the optimization of personnel structure, which reduced personnel costs, and the discontinuation of businesses with higher hardware investment in favor of product service and software development businesses with higher gross margins.

The company's net loss narrowed significantly by 75.3%, from $2.10 million in fiscal year 2024 to $519,723 in fiscal year 2025. This improvement was also supported by a 53.5% reduction in the cost of revenue to $2.89 million and a 15.4% decrease in total operating expenses to $4.28 million, driven by cuts in selling and research and development expenses. Notably, SmartHomework solution software customization and content development revenue soared by 3117% to $2.39 million, and licensing revenue increased by 5492% to $153,666. These segments benefited from the availability of standardized, replicable software products and the expansion into vocational education, which features a higher paying user base.

Liquidity and Capital Strength

As of March 31, 2025, RYET faced liquidity challenges, with current liabilities exceeding current assets by $2.10 million and an accumulated deficit of $15.60 million, raising substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. However, this concern was alleviated by the successful completion of its initial public offering (IPO) in April 2025, which generated approximately $13.5 million in net proceeds.

The company plans to strategically deploy these IPO proceeds: approximately 30% for research and development of new products and services, 25% for marketing and customer services, 25% for new content creation, 5% for cash reserves, and 15% for working capital and general corporate purposes, including establishing two additional regional offices. As of July 18, 2025, $2 million of the $3 million in registered IPO proceeds has already been utilized for salary payments, project investment, new product development, and marketing promotion. While short-term bank loans increased to $4.41 million as of March 31, 2025, from $2.47 million in the prior year, the company expects to renew these based on its credit history. The collection of accounts receivable, with approximately 12% ($0.60 million) of the $4.86 million balance collected by July 18, 2025, further contributes to working capital. It is important to note that PRC laws regulate the convertibility of Renminbi and the remittance of currency out of China, which could affect the transfer of funds and dividend payments from its PRC subsidiaries.

Competitive Positioning: A Niche Innovator

The intelligent learning industry, particularly in China, is highly competitive and fragmented, with numerous players vying for market share. RYET competes for users, technology, and talent against established players like TAL Education Group (TAL), New Oriental Education & Technology Group (EDU), Gaotu Techedu (GOTU), and global language learning platforms like Duolingo (DUOL). Many of these competitors possess advantages such as longer operating histories, larger customer bases, and greater financial and marketing resources.

RYET's competitive strengths lie in its agility in AI development and its specialized focus on K-12 education, now expanding beyond. Its proprietary AI-OCR technology and extensive academic question bank offer a differentiated approach to personalized learning, potentially leading to more effective student outcomes and higher efficiency in content delivery compared to broader, less specialized offerings from some rivals. While RYET may lag in overall brand scale and market penetration compared to giants like TAL or EDU, its concentrated expertise in AI-driven solutions provides a strong technological edge. For instance, RYET's AI could offer significantly higher efficiency in adapting lessons, leading to stronger customer loyalty and recurring revenue from subscriptions. This helps RYET compete against challenges from TAL's established network by providing a more innovative edge, potentially exploiting TAL's weaknesses in digital integration for better market share in tech-forward segments.

However, RYET's smaller scale and dependence on the evolving regulatory environment in China present vulnerabilities. Larger competitors may have more robust compliance frameworks and greater resources to absorb regulatory shifts. The company's reliance on a limited number of major customers, such as Jiangxi Xinhua Distribution Group Co., Ltd., also poses a risk if these relationships are disrupted. Despite these challenges, RYET's strategic pivot towards higher-margin software services and international expansion aims to mitigate domestic policy impacts and diversify its revenue streams, positioning it as a niche innovator with global ambitions.

Risks and Challenges

Investing in RYET carries several pertinent risks. The company's operational structure in China relies on Variable Interest Entity (VIE) contractual arrangements, which may not be as effective as direct equity ownership in providing control. Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws could affect the validity of these arrangements or limit RYET's ability to enforce them. Furthermore, the Chinese regulatory environment remains dynamic, with potential for governmental actions that could impact operations or the value of securities.

While the PCAOB secured full access to inspect audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022, the continuation of this access is uncertain and depends on Chinese authorities. A future inability to inspect could lead to trading prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA) and potential delisting from Nasdaq. The company also experienced a data leakage incident on August 25, 2023, involving anonymized student learning data, which resulted in an administrative fine of RMB 200,000 (approximately $27,885). Although rectification measures were implemented and the incident did not impact IPO approval, future cybersecurity breaches remain a risk.

The "Double Reduction" policy in China has already impacted RYET's digital publishing business, and there is ongoing uncertainty regarding future interpretations that could affect its business if it were reclassified as a tutoring institution. Additionally, the company's reliance on a limited number of major customers for a significant portion of its revenue creates concentration risk. Lastly, RYET's management team has limited public company experience, which could strain resources and potentially lead to difficulties in compliance or financial reporting.

Outlook and Future Growth Drivers

RYET's management envisions the company as a major technological solution provider for China's education reform and a dominant AI educational technology company. The strategic pivot towards AI-based digital technology services and international expansion is central to this vision. Research and development expenses are expected to increase significantly with overseas market expansion, reflecting the company's commitment to technological leadership.

The diversification of the customer base beyond K-12 into vocational, postgraduate, and adult education is a key growth driver, aiming to tap into broader educational markets. The international rollout of the HanLink platform in Saudi Arabia and the broader Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region represents a significant new revenue opportunity. The pilot program's success and the strategic partnership with Prince Sultan University underscore the potential for scalable, culturally immersive AI-driven Chinese language learning solutions globally. RYET's ability to execute these strategic initiatives, leverage its technological advantages, and adapt to evolving market and regulatory conditions will be critical for its future growth and profitability.

Conclusion

Ruanyun Edai Technology is actively transforming its business, moving decisively towards a future powered by AI innovation and global reach. Despite a revenue contraction in fiscal year 2025, the company's strategic pivot to higher-margin software and AI-based services has demonstrably improved its profitability, as evidenced by a substantial increase in gross margin to 56.7% and a significant reduction in net loss. This financial resilience, coupled with its proprietary AI-OCR technology and extensive academic content, forms the bedrock of its competitive advantage in the evolving EdTech landscape.

The successful IPO and subsequent international expansion of the HanLink platform into Saudi Arabia mark a pivotal moment, signaling RYET's ambition to transcend its traditional K-12 focus in China. While challenges such as regulatory uncertainties in China and the inherent risks of a VIE structure persist, the company's proactive strategic adjustments and focus on technological leadership position it for potential long-term growth. Investors should recognize RYET's commitment to innovation and its strategic adaptability as key factors in its journey to become a dominant AI educational technology company, both domestically and internationally.