Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (HRZN) is a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services, and sustainability industries. The company's investment objective is to maximize its investment portfolio's total return by generating current income from the debt investments it makes and capital appreciation from the warrants it receives when making such debt investments.
Horizon Technology Finance has established itself as a leader in the venture lending space, with a seasoned team of professionals who have an average tenure of over 20 years in the industry. The company's expertise in navigating the ever-changing venture capital ecosystem has enabled it to weather various market shocks, including the recent tech bank crisis, global unrest, higher interest rates, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Business Overview
Horizon Technology Finance's venture lending strategy is focused on providing secured debt investments, known as "Venture Loans," to venture capital and private equity-backed companies, as well as publicly traded companies in its target industries. The company's debt investments are typically secured by first liens or first liens behind a secured revolving line of credit, which the company refers to as "Senior Term Loans." Some of Horizon's debt investments may also be subordinated to term debt provided by third parties.
The company's venture lending approach is characterized by (1) making a secured debt investment after a venture capital or equity investment in the portfolio company has been made, which provides a source of cash to fund the portfolio company's debt service obligations, (2) the senior priority of the Venture Loan, which requires repayment of the Venture Loan prior to the equity investors realizing a return on their capital, (3) the amortization of the Venture Loan, and (4) the lender's receipt of warrants or other success fees with the making of the Venture Loan.
As of June 30, 2024, Horizon Technology Finance's investment portfolio had a fair value of $646.9 million, consisting of $609.1 million in debt investments, $21.5 million in warrant investments, $9.2 million in other investments, and $7.2 million in equity investments. The company's debt investment portfolio had a weighted average credit rating of 3.1 on a scale of 4 to 1, with 4 being the highest credit quality rating.
Financials
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, Horizon Technology Finance reported total investment income of $51.8 million, compared to $56.2 million for the same period in 2023. The decrease in investment income was primarily due to a 9.4% decrease in average earning debt investments, partially offset by an increase in the Prime Rate, which is the base rate for most of the company's variable rate debt investments.
Net investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was $25.5 million, or $0.74 per share, compared to $29.1 million, or $1.00 per share, for the same period in 2023. The decrease in net investment income was primarily due to a decrease in total investment income and an increase in interest expense, partially offset by a decrease in incentive fees.
The company's net asset value (NAV) per share as of June 30, 2024, was $9.12, compared to $9.71 as of December 31, 2023. The decrease in NAV was primarily due to net unrealized depreciation on investments and distributions paid, partially offset by net investment income.
Liquidity
As of June 30, 2024, Horizon Technology Finance had $113.7 million in cash and investments in money market funds, as well as $3.2 million in restricted investments in money market funds. The company had $446.0 million in borrowings outstanding, with $269.0 million in unused borrowing capacity under its credit facilities.
The company's primary sources of capital have been public equity offerings, its revolving credit facility, the Note Funding Agreement with New York Life Insurance Company, and the Nuveen Note Funding Agreement. Horizon Technology Finance has also issued public and private debt securities, including the 4.875% Notes due 2026 and the 6.25% Notes due 2027.
Outlook
Horizon Technology Finance's management team remains cautiously optimistic about the venture lending market, noting that while the current environment remains challenging, there are signs of recovery in the venture capital ecosystem. The company expects portfolio growth to be weighted toward the second half of 2024 as it continues to source high-quality opportunities for potential venture debt originations.
The company's Board of Directors has declared monthly distributions of $0.11 per share for July, August, and September 2024. Horizon Technology Finance remains committed to providing its shareholders with distributions that are covered by its net investment income over time.
Risks and Challenges
As with any investment, Horizon Technology Finance faces a variety of risks and challenges, including:
1. Exposure to the performance of its portfolio companies, which can be affected by various factors such as technological changes, regulatory changes, and competition. 2. Reliance on the continued support and funding from venture capital and private equity investors. 3. Potential volatility in the venture capital and IPO markets, which can impact the company's ability to generate capital gains and realize value from its warrant and equity investments. 4. Interest rate risk, as the majority of the company's debt investments have floating interest rates. 5. Regulatory changes, such as those related to the 1940 Act and the Code, which could impact the company's operations and tax status.
Conclusion
Horizon Technology Finance has established itself as a leader in the venture lending space, with a seasoned team of professionals and a proven track record of navigating various market cycles and shocks. The company's expertise in structuring high-yielding venture loans and its ability to generate current income and capital appreciation from its warrant and equity investments have enabled it to consistently deliver strong financial performance.
Despite the current challenges in the venture capital ecosystem, Horizon Technology Finance remains well-positioned to capitalize on new opportunities and continue generating solid net investment income for its shareholders. The company's disciplined approach to underwriting and portfolio management, combined with its ample liquidity and access to capital, position it well to navigate the evolving venture lending landscape.