Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• KinderCare Learning Companies ($KLC) holds a dominant position in the fragmented U.S. early childhood education market, leveraging its scale, brand recognition, and diversified service offerings (community, employer-sponsored, before/after-school) to maintain a competitive edge.
• Despite macroeconomic uncertainty leading to delayed enrollment decisions and a slight dip in Q1 2025 same-center occupancy, the essential nature of childcare, coupled with KLC's operational efficiency and pricing power, drove a 12% year-over-year increase in Adjusted EBITDA in Q1 2025.
• The company's strategic focus on improving occupancy in lower-performing centers, expanding its B2B and Champions segments, and pursuing accretive acquisitions provides multiple levers for future organic and inorganic growth, supporting its long-term targets.
• KLC's financial health is improving post-IPO, with significant debt reduction contributing to a substantial decrease in interest expense and a net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio within the target range, enhancing free cash flow generation for reinvestment and potential shareholder returns.
• Management reaffirmed its full-year 2025 guidance, projecting revenue growth of 3-7% and Adjusted EBITDA growth of 4-9%, underpinned by assumptions of stable macro conditions, flat occupancy, and contributions from pricing and pipeline expansion, signaling confidence in executing its growth algorithm.

A Foundation of Care: KinderCare's Enduring Role in the Essential ECE Market

KinderCare Learning Companies, Inc. stands as a cornerstone in the U.S. early childhood education (ECE) landscape, a market characterized by its essential nature for working families and significant fragmentation. Founded in 1969, KLC has built a market-leading footprint, serving children from six weeks through 12 years of age with a comprehensive suite of programs including infant, toddler, preschool, kindergarten, and before- and after-school care. This breadth of service, delivered through community-based centers (KinderCare Learning Centers, premium Crème School brand) and employer-sponsored partnerships, alongside its Champions before- and after-school program, positions KLC uniquely to meet diverse family needs across various economic backgrounds and work arrangements.

The ECE market is fundamentally driven by the persistent demand for high-quality care, which currently outpaces available supply. This dynamic provides a durable backdrop for KLC's operations, even amidst broader macroeconomic fluctuations. KLC's scale is a significant competitive advantage; it is the largest provider in the U.S., approximately 20% larger than its next closest competitor, in an industry where the top five players collectively hold only about 5% of the market share. This scale supports investments in curriculum, facilities, and crucially, the ability to attract and retain qualified teachers, fostering continuity of care and educational excellence.

KLC's operational strategy is underpinned by a focus on efficiency and leveraging its extensive network. The company invests in technology infrastructure to support center operations, family interactions, and administrative processes. While specific quantifiable metrics on the performance benefits of this technology are not detailed, it is intended to enhance operational efficiency and improve engagement with families. Furthermore, KLC is implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, a significant undertaking aimed at strengthening internal controls, automating manual processes, and standardizing business processes and reporting across the organization. This initiative is expected to enhance efficiency and provide better visibility into operations, crucial for managing a large, dispersed network.

In the competitive arena, KLC faces direct competition from players like Bright Horizons Family Solutions (BFAM), which focuses heavily on employer-sponsored care; Stride Inc. (LRN), with its digital and K-12 focus overlapping in after-school programs; and Grand Canyon Education (LOPE), expanding into ECE-adjacent areas through partnerships. While competitors may exhibit strengths in specific niches (e.g., BFAM's corporate network, LRN's digital innovation), KLC differentiates itself through its sheer physical scale, brand recognition, and the flexibility of its offerings, including its expertise in helping families access government subsidy funding, which accounted for about 35% of its 2024 revenue. The company's ability to serve families through multiple channels – community centers, onsite employer centers, and school-based programs – provides a diversified revenue base and allows it to adapt to evolving workforce trends.

Performance Amidst Macro Crosscurrents

KinderCare's recent financial performance reflects the interplay of its strategic execution and the prevailing macroeconomic environment. For the first quarter ended March 29, 2025, KLC reported total revenue of $668.2 million, a 2.1% increase compared to $654.7 million in the prior-year period. This growth was driven by contributions from both its early childhood education centers and Champions sites.

Revenue from early childhood education centers grew by 1.6% year-over-year to $615.0 million. This segment saw approximately 2% growth from higher tuition rates, partially offset by slightly lower enrollment. Same-center revenue for ECE centers increased by 1.4% to $606.4 million. The company noted that Q1 2025 experienced a delay in time-to-enrollment decisions, attributed to consumer hesitancy and uncertainty, which contributed to a modest 50-basis-point decline in same-center occupancy, falling to 69.1% from 69.6% a year prior. Despite this, management indicated that pricing has not been a friction point, suggesting demand remains present but is simply delayed.

The Champions before- and after-school segment continued its strong growth trajectory, with revenue increasing by 7.8% to $53.2 million in Q1 2025. This growth was primarily fueled by the addition of new sites, reflecting the significant white space opportunity KLC sees in expanding its footprint across elementary schools nationwide. As of March 29, 2025, KLC operated 1,038 Champions sites, an increase of 88 net new sites over the past 12 months.

Operational efficiency and cost management were evident in the Q1 2025 results. Cost of services excluding depreciation and impairment increased by 3.7% to $516.2 million. This increase was primarily driven by a $10.7 million decrease in reimbursements from government assistance (related to the conclusion of certain COVID-19 Related Stimulus funding) and $4.7 million higher personnel costs due to increased wage rates, partially offset by lower grant-related bonuses and labor hours. Rent expense also increased due to new and acquired centers. Depreciation and amortization rose by 5.0% to $30.0 million, reflecting assets placed into service from new centers and capital expenditures.

Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses saw a significant decrease of 20.7% to $71.7 million in Q1 2025. This reduction was primarily due to lower stock-based compensation and bonus expense compared to the prior year, which included a one-time distribution and bonus related to the company's pre-IPO structure. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue stood at 10.7%, illustrating the company's operating leverage at scale. Impairment losses also decreased substantially by 65.4% to $1.5 million, driven by fewer centers requiring impairment assessment and higher cash flow projections for those assessed.

Profitability saw a notable improvement. Income from operations increased to $48.8 million in Q1 2025 from $33.6 million in Q1 2024. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 12% year-over-year to $83.6 million, resulting in an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 13.0%. This expansion highlights the power of KLC's operating leverage, enabling profitability growth even with modest top-line expansion and a slight dip in occupancy.

Interest expense decreased significantly by 44.8% to $20.1 million in Q1 2025. This substantial reduction was a direct result of the deleveraging actions taken post-IPO in October 2024, where net proceeds were used to repay $608 million of the First Lien Term Loan Facility principal, coupled with a favorable repricing amendment. This improved capital structure enhances free cash flow generation. Net income for the quarter was $21.2 million, a substantial increase from $1.8 million in the prior-year period. Adjusted net income was $27.0 million, resulting in adjusted diluted EPS of $0.23, up from $0.11 a year ago.

Liquidity remains sound. As of March 29, 2025, KLC had cash and cash equivalents of $131.3 million. The company's primary sources of cash are operations, current cash balances, and its revolving credit facility. Its net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio stood at 2.6 times, comfortably within its target range of 2.5 to 3 times. Management expects to meet liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months through cash generated from operations and available borrowings under its credit facilities. The improved free cash flow generation post-debt reduction provides capacity for continued investment in growth initiatives and potential future shareholder returns.

Strategic Growth Levers and Outlook

KinderCare's growth strategy is multi-faceted, combining organic initiatives with inorganic expansion. A key focus is on improving occupancy across the existing portfolio, particularly in lower-performing centers (Quintiles 4 and 5), where the company saw approximately 310 basis points of occupancy improvement in 2024. Management is deploying targeted playbooks, including intensified family and teacher engagement, additional staff training, and leveraging digital tools to drive enrollment decisions. While Q1 2025 saw a slight overall occupancy decline, the company remains confident in its ability to drive 1-2% annual occupancy growth over the medium to long term.

Expansion of the B2B segment, including employer-sponsored centers and tuition benefit programs, is a significant growth vector. KLC's flexible offerings resonate with employers increasingly prioritizing childcare support for employee attraction and retention. The Champions segment also presents substantial growth potential, given KLC's relatively small penetration (approximately 2%) of the vast U.S. elementary school market.

Inorganic growth through acquisitions remains a core part of the strategy. KLC views itself as an acquirer of choice in the fragmented market due to its scale, brand, and proven integration capabilities. The company acquired five centers in Q1 2025 and expects additional tuck-in acquisitions to contribute to growth. Greenfield development is also ramping up, with a pipeline of new community centers expected to open, contributing to future revenue growth.

Looking ahead, KinderCare reaffirmed its full-year 2025 guidance, signaling confidence in its ability to execute its growth algorithm despite the acknowledged macroeconomic uncertainty. The guidance projects revenue between $2.75 billion and $2.85 billion, representing 3% to 7% growth over 2024. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to range from $310 million to $325 million, a 4% to 9% increase year-over-year. Adjusted EPS is guided between $0.75 and $0.85. This outlook includes the impact of a 53rd week in fiscal 2025, contributing an estimated $45 million to $50 million in revenue and $10 million to $12 million in Adjusted EBITDA.

Key assumptions underpinning the 2025 guidance include general macroeconomic conditions remaining relatively stable compared to Q1, relatively flat year-over-year occupancy, tuition rate increases toward the low end of the 3% to 5% long-term target, and contributions from the B2B, Champions, and new center/acquisition pipelines. Management believes its ability to maintain a healthy spread between wage and tuition increases, coupled with continued G&A leverage, will drive Adjusted EBITDA margin improvement.

Risks and Considerations

While KLC operates in an essential industry with favorable long-term supply/demand dynamics, investors should consider potential risks. Macroeconomic volatility and consumer uncertainty could continue to impact enrollment decisions, potentially prolonging the observed delays and affecting occupancy recovery. Although management believes price is not currently a friction point, sustained economic pressure could test price elasticity.

The conclusion of federal COVID-19 Related Stimulus funding removes a prior source of operating expense reimbursement, impacting year-over-year comparability and potentially requiring operational adjustments to maintain margins. While government support for ECE via the CCDBG is seen as durable and bipartisan, changes in funding levels or administrative processes at the state level could impact subsidy revenue, which is a significant portion of KLC's business.

Operational risks include the ability to successfully execute on initiatives to improve occupancy in lower-performing centers and integrate acquired centers efficiently while maintaining quality standards. The company also faces ongoing litigation and claims inherent in its business. A previously disclosed material weakness in IT general controls related to program change management, user access, and computer operations persists, although remediation efforts, including ERP system implementation, are underway. While this has not resulted in a material misstatement, it could potentially impact financial reporting controls until fully remediated.

Recent negative publicity, such as short seller allegations regarding safety failures, while addressed by the company as isolated incidents not reflective of overall values and subject to strict protocols, highlights the importance of maintaining robust health and safety standards and transparent communication to protect brand reputation and enrollment.

Conclusion

KinderCare Learning Companies occupies a leading position in the resilient U.S. early childhood education market. Its extensive footprint, diversified service offerings, and established brand provide a strong foundation. Despite recent macroeconomic headwinds causing temporary softness in enrollment decisions, the essential nature of childcare continues to drive underlying demand.

The company's strategic focus on operational efficiency, maintaining a healthy tuition-to-wage spread, leveraging its scale for G&A efficiency, and executing on multiple growth levers – including improving existing center performance, expanding B2B and Champions segments, and pursuing accretive acquisitions – positions it for continued profitable growth. The significant reduction in interest expense post-IPO enhances financial flexibility and free cash flow generation, supporting future investments and value creation.

While risks such as prolonged macro uncertainty and operational execution challenges exist, KLC's reaffirmed 2025 guidance, projecting solid revenue and Adjusted EBITDA growth, underscores management's confidence in navigating the current environment and delivering on its long-term growth algorithm. For investors, KLC represents an opportunity to invest in a market leader in a non-discretionary sector, poised to benefit from favorable long-term industry trends and its own operational and strategic initiatives, provided it can effectively manage near-term enrollment dynamics and execute its integration and efficiency plans.