Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Truist Financial Corporation is leveraging its significantly strengthened capital position, bolstered by the 2024 divestiture of Truist Insurance Holdings and strategic balance sheet repositioning, to fund core banking growth initiatives and return capital to shareholders.
• Despite a challenging market environment impacting investment banking and wealth management, the company is demonstrating solid underlying performance, particularly in consumer and wholesale banking production and client acquisition.
• Strategic investments in technology, including AI tools like Truist Assist and enhanced digital platforms, are driving tangible operational efficiencies, improving client experience, and increasing digital account openings and engagement, positioning Truist competitively against larger national banks and fintechs.
• While asset quality remains strong overall, Truist is proactively managing potential risks in portfolios like commercial real estate (specifically office and construction) and certain consumer segments, maintaining reserves based on a cautious economic outlook incorporating potential impacts of tariffs and inflation.
• Management's updated 2025 outlook anticipates modest revenue and expense growth, targeting positive operating leverage driven by core business momentum, expense discipline, and the benefit of fixed-rate asset repricing, though the magnitude of this benefit is now expected to be lower due to shifts in the yield curve.

The Foundation: A Purpose-Driven Franchise Forged Through Change

Truist Financial Corporation stands as a prominent regional banking force in the United United States, operating across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic with a strategic focus on consumer, commercial, and wealth management services. Forged through a significant merger of equals, Truist's history is one of integration and strategic evolution. The foundational period involved combining legacy platforms and operations, a complex undertaking that, while presenting challenges, laid the groundwork for the current unified entity. More recently, 2024 marked a pivotal year with transformative divestitures, most notably the sale of Truist Insurance Holdings (TIH) in May. This move was explicitly a strategic shift, fundamentally altering the company's structure, significantly enhancing its capital base, and sharpening its focus on core banking. Coincident with the TIH sale, Truist executed a strategic balance sheet repositioning, selling lower-yielding securities to reinvest proceeds at higher rates, aiming to offset the divested earnings and strengthen liquidity. These actions underscore a deliberate strategy to leverage a fortified financial position to drive growth within its core Consumer & Small Business Banking (CSBB) and Wholesale Banking (WB) segments.

The banking landscape is intensely competitive, populated by national giants like Bank of America (BAC) and JPMorgan Chase (JPM), large regional players such as Wells Fargo (WFC) and PNC Financial Services (PNC), and an array of specialized fintech firms. While national competitors like BAC and JPM possess superior scale and broader digital reach, Truist competes effectively within its established footprint by emphasizing personalized regional services and community ties. Its post-merger integration has yielded efficiency gains in areas like Consumer Banking and Wealth (CB&W), demonstrating lower per-unit costs for retail deposits compared to some peers. However, Truist acknowledges areas for technological advancement, where larger banks often exhibit faster processing speeds and more advanced AI tools. The company's strategy actively seeks to deepen relationships within its existing client base and expand in targeted markets like New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Texas, where it sees opportunities for disproportionate growth by deploying its full suite of capabilities and attracting talent.

A critical component of Truist's strategy and competitive positioning lies in its ongoing investment in technology and digital capabilities. The company's "T3" strategy—Touch and Technology equals Trust—highlights the importance of seamlessly integrating digital convenience with human interaction. Initiatives like the development of a new patented artificial intelligence tool, Truist Client Pulse, aim to provide teammates with real-time insights into client needs, leveraging data to enhance the client experience and drive efficiency. This builds upon existing digital momentum, evidenced by year-over-year growth across core digital metrics. New digital account openings, including those from new-to-bank clients, are increasing, with a significant portion coming from younger demographics like Millennials and Gen Z. Tools like Truist Assist, an AI-powered virtual assistant, are handling a large volume of client conversations (over 1 million in Q1 2025, with over 80% resolved without teammate intervention), demonstrating tangible operational efficiency benefits. Enhancements to platforms, such as improved digital deposit applications (driving a 49% increase in mobile applications and a 500 basis point linked-quarter increase in conversion rates in Q3 2024), and wholesale digital capabilities (like Electronic Bill Presentment and secure chat for treasury specialists), underscore a commitment to improving client experience and driving productivity. While not detailing specific proprietary core banking technology like some specialized firms, Truist's focus is on leveraging technology to enhance service delivery, improve efficiency, and expand digital engagement, which is crucial for competing with larger, more technologically advanced banks and agile fintechs that often offer lower transaction costs. The "so what" for investors is that these technological investments are not merely operational upgrades but strategic enablers designed to strengthen client relationships, reduce costs, and support future growth, contributing to the company's competitive moat in its target markets.

Performance Reflecting Strategic Momentum and Market Headwinds

Truist's first quarter 2025 results reflect a blend of solid execution against strategic priorities and the impact of increased market volatility. The company reported net income available to common shareholders of $1.2 billion, or $0.87 per diluted common share. This translated to an annualized return on average assets of 0.96% and an annualized return on average common shareholders' equity of 8.10%. While net income available to common shareholders saw a 6% increase compared to Q1 2024, the underlying performance in certain areas was influenced by external factors.

Net interest income (NII) on a taxable-equivalent basis in Q1 2025 was $3.51 billion, up 3.8% from Q1 2024, primarily benefiting from the balance sheet repositioning completed in Q2 2024. The net interest margin (NIM) expanded by 13 basis points year-over-year to 3.01%. However, compared to the linked fourth quarter of 2024, NII decreased by 2.4% ($86 million), and NIM compressed by 6 basis points, partly due to fewer days in the quarter and a lag in deposit repricing relative to earning asset yields. The yield on the average total loan portfolio decreased year-over-year to 5.97%, impacted by variable rate loans, while the yield on the average securities portfolio increased significantly to 3.16% due to the repositioning and reinvestment at higher rates. The average cost of total deposits decreased to 1.79%, and the average cost of short-term borrowings also declined, while the average cost of long-term debt increased.

Noninterest income totaled $1.39 billion in Q1 2025, a decrease of 3.7% ($54 million) compared to Q1 2024. This decline was primarily driven by lower investment banking and trading income, which decreased due to reduced M&A fees and trading activity, and lower wealth management income, impacted by the 2024 sale of Sterling Capital Management and market valuations. Other fee income categories like card and payment related fees and service charges on deposits remained relatively stable or saw slight increases.

Noninterest expense in Q1 2025 was $2.91 billion, down 1.6% ($47 million) from Q1 2024. This decrease was mainly attributable to lower regulatory costs, specifically a $75 million FDIC special assessment adjustment in the prior period, and lower personnel expense. However, professional fees and outside processing expenses increased, reflecting higher investments in technology and risk infrastructure. Adjusted noninterest expense, excluding the FDIC assessment adjustment and restructuring charges, saw a modest increase year-over-year.

Segment performance in Q1 2025 showed varied results. CSBB net income decreased year-over-year, primarily due to lower funding credit on deposits and a higher allocated provision for credit losses, despite flat noninterest income and lower personnel expenses. WB net income increased year-over-year, benefiting from a lower allocated provision for credit losses and lower noninterest expense, which offset declines in net interest income and noninterest income driven by market conditions and lower loan balances. OTC's net loss narrowed significantly year-over-year, largely due to higher net interest income from balance sheet management and lower noninterest expense.

Financial Condition, Asset Quality, and Capital Strength

Truist's balance sheet at March 31, 2025, totaled $535.90 billion, an increase from $531.18 billion at December 31, 2024. Average loans held for investment increased 1.1% linked quarter to $306.40 billion, driven by growth in both commercial (C&I) and consumer (residential mortgage, indirect auto) portfolios. Period-end loans also saw a 0.7% increase compared to the prior quarter. Average deposits increased 0.6% sequentially to $392.20 billion, with growth in time deposits and interest checking partially offset by declines in noninterest-bearing and money market/savings accounts. Period-end deposits saw a larger increase due to temporary client deposits. The securities portfolio remained relatively stable at $117.90 billion.

Asset quality metrics remained stable overall in Q1 2025, reflecting the company's credit risk culture. Nonperforming loans and leases held for investment were 0.48% of the portfolio, a slight increase of one basis point linked quarter. Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing also increased slightly as a percentage of loans. Excluding government-guaranteed loans, this ratio remained flat at 0.05%. The Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) totaled $5.17 billion, including $4.87 billion for the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL). The ALLL ratio was 1.58%, down one basis point linked quarter. The provision for credit losses was $458 million, exceeding net charge-offs of $454 million. The net charge-off ratio was 0.60%, a slight increase linked quarter but down four basis points year-over-year, primarily due to lower net charge-offs in the CRE portfolio. Management noted that the increase in ALLL reflects loan volume growth and generally stable reserve rates, though commercial construction saw an increase in reserve rates. The economic outlook embedded in the ACL models includes low, single-digit GDP growth and a mid-to-high single-digit unemployment rate, with qualitative adjustments considering risks like tariffs and inflation. Truist is actively monitoring potential risks in CRE and commercial construction, particularly the office portfolio, which is primarily multi-tenant and non-gateway, with significant maturities scheduled in 2025 and 2026. Management believes the company is adequately reserved based on its ongoing analysis.

Capital ratios remained strong. The CET1 ratio was 11.3% at March 31, 2025, down 20 basis points from December 31, 2024. This decrease was attributed to capital returned to shareholders, increased risk-weighted assets, and the final CECL phase-in, partially offset by current quarter earnings. The CET1 ratio including AOCI was 9.6%, down 10 basis points linked quarter, partially offset by a decrease in AOCI due to higher longer-term interest rates. Truist returned $1.2 billion to common shareholders in Q1 2025 through dividends ($679 million) and buybacks ($500 million).

The company had $3.5 billion remaining on its buyback authorization.

Management expressed confidence in its capital position, enabling it to support growth, be opportunistic with buybacks (targeting up to $750 million in Q2 2025), and weather economic scenarios.

Liquidity also remained robust, with an average consolidated LCR of 111% in Q1 2025, exceeding the regulatory minimum. Truist Bank's available secured borrowing capacity was substantial, significantly exceeding wholesale funding maturities in the near term.

Outlook and Strategic Path Forward

Truist's updated guidance for 2025 reflects a tempered view of the external environment while maintaining confidence in core execution. Full-year 2025 revenue is now expected to increase by 1.5% to 2.5% over 2024 adjusted revenue, a reduction from the previous 3% to 3.5% growth forecast. This revision is primarily driven by a more cautious outlook for investment banking and trading income, now expected to be relatively flat year-over-year (down from low-double-digit growth expectations), and slight pressure on Wealth Management income from market valuations. The impact of lower medium-term interest rates on the benefit from fixed-rate asset repricing and the pace of deposit cost reductions also contributes to the revised outlook. Net interest income is still expected to increase by 3% in 2025, based on assumptions of low-single-digit end-of-period loan growth and three 25 basis point Fed rate cuts (June, September, December). However, the expected yield pickup from repricing approximately $42 billion of fixed-rate assets is now anticipated to be 40-50 basis points lower than previously forecast.

In response to the revised revenue outlook, Truist has also tightened its expense forecast. Full-year 2025 adjusted expenses are now expected to increase by approximately 1% over 2024, down from the previous 1.5% expectation. This reflects ongoing cost-saving initiatives and a reduction in incentives tied to lower expected revenue. This revised outlook implies positive operating leverage for 2025. Net charge-offs are still expected to be around 60 basis points for the year.

Looking ahead to the second quarter of 2025, revenue is projected to increase by approximately 1.5% linked quarter, with NII expected to rise by about 1.5% (driven by an extra day, loan growth, and fixed asset repricing benefit) and non-interest income by 1% to 3% (primarily higher other income). Adjusted expenses are expected to increase by 2% to 3% sequentially due to normal merit increases.

The company's strategic priorities remain centered on driving growth in core banking, maintaining expense discipline, investing in talent and technology (including risk infrastructure), and leveraging its capital advantage. Initiatives to deepen client relationships in areas like premier banking, middle-market banking, payments, and wealth are expected to continue yielding results. The focus on digital transformation, exemplified by tools like Truist Assist and enhanced platforms, is seen as key to improving efficiency and client engagement. The robust capital position is a critical enabler, allowing the company to support these growth initiatives and execute its share repurchase program, which management views as an opportunistic investment in the company.

Conclusion

Truist Financial Corporation is navigating a dynamic market environment from a position of significantly enhanced capital strength. The strategic divestiture of its insurance business and subsequent balance sheet repositioning have fundamentally reshaped the company, providing substantial capacity to pursue growth in its core consumer and wholesale banking franchises and return capital to shareholders. While external headwinds, particularly in investment banking and wealth management, have necessitated a recalibration of the near-term revenue outlook, Truist is demonstrating solid underlying momentum in client acquisition, loan and deposit production, and digital engagement.

The company's strategic focus on deepening existing client relationships, targeted market expansion, and disciplined expense management, coupled with ongoing investments in technology and risk infrastructure, forms the basis for its expected positive operating leverage in 2025. Although the yield curve shift has slightly reduced the anticipated benefit from asset repricing, the core drivers of NII growth and fee income expansion remain intact. While potential risks in specific credit portfolios warrant careful monitoring, management's proactive approach and current reserve levels provide a degree of confidence. For investors, the core thesis rests on Truist's ability to effectively deploy its capital advantage to accelerate growth, enhance operational efficiency through technology, and improve profitability, leveraging its established regional presence and increasingly competitive digital capabilities to gain wallet share and deliver value over the medium term.