Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Development Stage Gold Play: International Tower Hill Mines ($THM) is a pure-play, development-stage gold exploration company with a 100% interest in the massive Livengood Gold Project in Alaska, holding 9.00 million ounces of proven and probable reserves.
• Strategic De-risking Underway: The company is actively advancing the Livengood project through a focused 2025 work program, including critical metallurgical studies on complex stibnite antimony mineralization and baseline environmental data collection, aiming to optimize project economics and support future permitting.
• Equity-Funded Progress: As a non-revenue generating entity, THM relies on equity financing, successfully raising approximately $3.9 million in March 2025 from major shareholders to fund its current $3.7 million work plan and general operations for the next 12 months.
• High-Potential, High-Risk Profile: While Livengood offers substantial long-term upside potential, the investment carries significant risks associated with project development, future financing needs, permitting timelines, and the ultimate decision to proceed to production, potentially through a strategic alliance.
• Competitive Niche: THM occupies a specialized niche as an exploration-focused company, contrasting sharply with large-scale, diversified gold producers. Its competitive edge lies in its concentrated regional expertise and proprietary project rights, though it faces vulnerabilities due to its singular project focus and lack of operational cash flow.

The Alaskan Frontier: THM's Strategic Foundation

International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. ($THM) operates as a development-stage mineral exploration company, singularly focused on unlocking the value of its flagship Livengood Gold Project in Alaska, U.S.A. Incorporated in 1978 and known as International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. since 1991, the company's enduring strategy revolves around acquiring, exploring, and evaluating mineral properties. This foundational approach has culminated in its current 100% ownership of the Livengood project, a significant asset within the prolific Tintina gold belt, approximately 70 miles northwest of Fairbanks.

The Livengood project boasts substantial scale, with proven and probable reserves of 430.10 million tonnes at an average grade of 0.65 g/tonne, equating to 9.00 million ounces of gold, based on a gold price of $1,680 per ounce. Additionally, it holds measured and indicated mineral resources, exclusive of reserves, totaling 274.51 million tonnes at an average grade of 0.52 g/tonne, representing 4.62 million ounces, based on a gold price of $1,650 per ounce. These figures, reported as of December 31, 2022, underscore the project's considerable potential. THM's journey has been marked by a series of strategic land acquisitions and lease agreements, including a key purchase of Livengood Placers, Inc. in 2011, solidifying its extensive land package.

In the broader gold mining industry, THM stands as a specialized, exploration-focused entity, a stark contrast to diversified, large-scale producers like Newmont Corporation (NEM), Barrick Gold Corporation (GOLD), Kinross Gold Corporation (KGC), and AngloGold Ashanti (AU). These industry giants benefit from established production, diversified revenue streams, and robust cash flow, allowing for significant investments in advanced technologies and global operations. For instance, Newmont and Barrick consistently report positive gross and net profit margins, strong operating cash flows, and healthy P/E ratios, reflecting their mature operational status. THM, on the other hand, is pre-revenue, operating at a loss, and its financial metrics, such as a P/E ratio of -69.55 and zero gross profit margin, reflect its early development stage.

THM's competitive advantage lies in its deep regional expertise and proprietary project rights in Alaska, allowing for focused resource allocation and potentially more agile decision-making in a specific geological context. This concentrated effort can be a differentiator against larger competitors whose global scale might lead them to overlook niche, albeit massive, regional opportunities. However, this singular project focus also represents a significant vulnerability, as THM lacks the diversified portfolio and financial resilience of its larger peers, making it highly dependent on the successful de-risking and development of Livengood. High capital requirements, stringent regulatory approvals, and complex environmental compliance act as significant barriers to entry in the gold mining sector, which both protects THM's established position and intensifies competition from well-capitalized rivals.

Technical Approach: Optimizing Livengood's Complex Ore Body

A critical aspect of THM's strategy to unlock value at Livengood involves a focused technical approach to address the unique characteristics of its ore body. The 2025 work program, with an approved budget of $3.7 million, places a significant emphasis on a metallurgical study of the massive stibnite antimony mineralization. This initiative is not a broad technological differentiator in the sense of a proprietary, patented process applicable across the industry, but rather a strategic operational focus tailored to the Livengood project's specific geological challenges.

The goal of this metallurgical study is to understand and optimize the processing of this complex mineralization. By doing so, THM aims to refine the project's configuration, reduce capital and operating expenses, and ultimately enhance the overall economic viability of the Livengood Gold Project. While specific quantitative performance metrics or target improvements from this study are not yet publicly detailed, the strategic intent is clear: to de-risk the project by ensuring efficient and cost-effective gold extraction from a challenging ore type. This technical work is foundational for future engineering studies and a production decision.

Beyond metallurgy, the 2025 work program also includes advancing baseline environmental data collection in critical areas such as hydrology and waste rock geochemical characterization. These efforts are essential to support future permitting processes, demonstrating THM's commitment to meeting or surpassing environmental standards. Coupled with ongoing community engagement, these technical and environmental initiatives are integral to advancing Livengood through its development phases and securing the necessary authorizations for potential future operations.

Financial Performance and Liquidity: Fueling the Future

As a development-stage company, International Tower Hill Mines currently generates no revenue, and its financial performance is characterized by operating losses. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the company reported a net loss of $1.93 million, an increase from $1.43 million in the same period of 2024. The net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025, similarly widened to $2.59 million, compared to $1.98 million in the prior year.

The increase in losses was primarily driven by higher mineral property expenditures, which rose to $801,909 in Q2 2025 from $628,951 in Q2 2024. This increase was largely due to a $150,724 rise in advance minimum royalty payments and timing variances for land-related legal and environmental services. Additionally, share-based compensation charges increased by $100,877 in Q2 2025, reflecting equity compensation granted to contractors in late 2024. A negative foreign exchange impact, resulting in a $190,324 loss in Q2 2025 compared to a $26,031 gain in Q2 2024, also contributed to the higher net loss.

Despite these losses, THM has maintained a healthy liquidity position through strategic equity financing. Cash and cash equivalents stood at $2.85 million as of June 30, 2025, a significant increase from $992,487 at December 31, 2024. This improvement was primarily a result of net financing activities, which provided $3.80 million, partially offset by $1.70 million used in operating activities and a $0.20 million negative foreign exchange impact. A key financing event was the non-brokered private placement completed in March 2025, which raised approximately $3.9 million by issuing 8.19 million common shares to existing major shareholders. This consistent ability to raise capital from its shareholder base underscores confidence in the Livengood project's long-term potential.

Outlook and Strategic Pathways

Management's outlook for International Tower Hill Mines is firmly centered on advancing the Livengood Gold Project toward a production decision. The company anticipates operating at a loss for the foreseeable future, a common characteristic of development-stage mineral companies. However, management believes that its current cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to cover the approved 2025 work plan and general administrative costs for at least the next 12 months.

The total anticipated expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2025, are approximately $3.70 million. This budget allocates $0.90 million for mineral property leases and mining claim government fees, with the remaining $2.80 million designated for general corporate and administrative purposes. Looking further ahead, the company projects approximately $0.90 million in mineral property lease and mining claim government fees for both 2026 and 2027, indicating ongoing commitments to maintain its property interests.

A critical component of THM's long-term strategy involves exploring a future strategic alliance. This potential partnership would aim to secure additional financing and expertise to assist in further development, permitting, and the substantial construction costs associated with building a mine at Livengood. This approach highlights management's recognition of the significant capital requirements necessary to transition from exploration to commercial production. The success of these ongoing studies and the ability to attract a strategic partner will be pivotal in determining the project's trajectory.

Risks and The Road Ahead

Investing in International Tower Hill Mines carries inherent risks typical of a development-stage company in the mining sector. The most significant challenge is the absence of revenue-generating operations, making THM entirely dependent on external financing to fund its activities. While the company has a track record of successful equity raises, there is no guarantee that it will secure additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all, for the substantial capital required for mine development.

The Livengood Gold Project itself presents considerable execution risks. There is no assurance that THM will ultimately make a decision to build a mine, and even if it does, obtaining the necessary permits and authorizations can be a protracted and complex process. Significant delays in permitting or unexpected results from ongoing technical work could necessitate further capital raises, potentially diluting existing shareholders. Furthermore, the acquisition of title to mineral properties is a detailed process, and while precautions are taken, there is no absolute assurance that legal title to all properties will be secured.

For U.S. shareholders, the company's belief that it has been and expects to continue to be classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) for U.S. federal income tax purposes introduces additional tax complexities. These risks underscore the high-risk, high-reward nature of an investment in THM, where the potential for significant value creation is balanced by substantial development and financing hurdles.

Conclusion

International Tower Hill Mines represents a compelling, albeit speculative, investment opportunity centered on the vast potential of its Livengood Gold Project. With 9.00 million ounces of proven and probable gold reserves, Livengood is a world-class asset in a favorable mining jurisdiction. The company's current strategic focus on metallurgical optimization and environmental de-risking through its 2025 work program is a critical step in advancing this project towards a definitive production decision.

While THM's development-stage status necessitates ongoing reliance on equity financing and exposes investors to significant project and funding risks, its consistent ability to secure capital from major shareholders demonstrates a belief in Livengood's long-term value. The ultimate success of THM hinges on its ability to effectively de-risk the project, potentially through a strategic alliance, and transition from an explorer to a producer. For discerning investors with a high-risk tolerance and a long-term horizon, THM offers a pure-play exposure to a substantial gold asset, where successful execution of its technical and strategic roadmap could unlock considerable value.